ABSTRACT
Educational technologies have experienced unprecedented prominence on university agendas with many institutions motivated to keep the lessons learned from the COVID-19 sparked transition with regard to online teaching. In response to this renewed interest in ensuring the longevity of educational technologies in higher education, this systematic review analysed the various organisational factors—for example, leadership, infrastructure, strategy—considered essential in the literature for the successful implementation of educational technologies. Specifically, we reviewed 1614 papers published in five prominent educational technology journals in the last decade. From this sample, we identified 47 papers that discussed organisational factors. Drawing on these studies, we constructed an organisational framework, which outlines the different organisational factors, actors and processes involved in implementing educational technologies. The identified organisational factors are structured into three main categories: (1) Leadership and Strategy, (2) Infrastructure and Resources and (3) Recognition and Motivation. Our aim was to further the scholarly understanding of the organisational layer involved in digital change as well as provide concrete recommendations for practitioners. Practitioner notes What is already known about this topic Previous research has stressed the importance of taking organisational factors such as infrastructure, leadership, strategy and staff commitment into account when implementing educational technologies. However, review papers have failed to systematically organise these studies to create a comprehensive understanding of the organisational factors involved in implementing educational technologies and ensuring their longevity at an institution. There is currently a high level of interest in how educational technologies can be implemented in the higher education landscape, as many institutions are facing the question of what lessons they can learn from the crisis and how they can continue on their path of digitalisation. What this paper adds This review paper addresses a gap in our scholarly understanding of the organisational layers involved in the implementation of educational technologies in higher education institutions (HEIs). This paper provides a framework on organisational factors, which influence the implementation of educational technologies in HEIs. This review paper demonstrates that bottom-up and opinion leadership, support structures tailored to the need and time of faculty as well as recognition and incentives have the largest impact on a sustainable implementation of educational technologies in HEIs. Implications for practice and/or policy Universities should create structures that enable innovation and creativity by promoting bottom-up and opinion leadership as well as shared decision-making processes as they are important for the successful implementation of educational technologies in HEIs. Besides providing a reliable and suitable infrastructure, institutional support and resources in terms of technical advice and training tailored to specific needs, should be in place when planning the implementation of educational technologies in HEIs. The additional workload instructors face when implementing digital teaching should be recognised and incentivised as it strengthens instructor engagement which is crucial for the implementation of educational technologies in HEIs. © 2022 The Authors. British Journal of Educational Technology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Educational Research Association.
ABSTRACT
The deadly COVID-19 coupled with other diseases has proven to be the biggest challenge humans have seen in ages. Healthcare systems, even in the most developed countries, have completely shattered during the peak of waves. Thus, leaving millions rendered helpless and alone around the globe. This proves the importance of self-care and immunity to being the best possible way for being healthy. Solutions specific to strengthening immunity are available in the Indian sciences of Yoga and Ayurveda and has been scientifically proven. These have been around in India for ages but there is an immense lack of awareness in India and around the globe regarding that. This review paper aims at filling the lack of awareness by proposing a model and validating it further by collecting and comparing the pre and post-implementation data. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Due to recent COVID-19 social distancing policies and procedures, there was no way to offer hands-on courses in an on-site format for many education institutions. The solution employed by many educators was to find new ways to implement web-based delivery tools and technologies in order to maintain course learning outcomes and help students successfully grasp course content. In this review paper, a number of innovative practices is highlighted used to deliver course content in several ways. Overall, the paper reports a number of available delivery mechanisms that could be implemented for several manufacturing courses and programs. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022.
ABSTRACT
The world has been struggling with the major health crisis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic since December 2019. The highly virulent nature and the mutation rates of the novel virus resulted in less sensitive detection techniques. The main objective of this review paper is to present the possibility of using nanotechnology for COVID-19 prevention, diagnosis, and for developing vaccination. There are different research activities conducted using dissimilar types of masks to control COVID-19 transmission, and their results showed that using single fabric mask with holes was not effective for filtering coronavirus 2019, however, the charged polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) nanofiber prevent fast-spreading of COVID-19 and the filtration efficiency may reach 98%. Many researchers suggested that nanosorbents can be used to adsorb COVID-19 virus depending on size, surface area, and the presence of appropriate functional groups. The color of nanosorbents changes relatively by increasing the amount of sorbent virus from the air (virus concentration) and can be measured using different spectral techniques. Nanotechnology can also be an ideal solution to overcome the drawbacks of inactivated vaccines. The common traditional vaccines which depend on live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens present different risks from reflection to pathogenic virulence or guide to a weak immune response. So, the non-traditional vaccines based on nanoparticles (NPs) can enhance strong immunogenicity and antigen presentation by controlling the surface, shape, size and functional groups. © 2021 American Institute of Chemical Engineers. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This review paper examines the potential for online learning in COVID-19 and the path forward for establishing Higher Educations Institution (HEI). The critical topics identified included online learning during COVID-19, shifted to online delivery, strategy to enhance the HEI system, post-COVID-19 implication, and the plan forward. The different database searches identified keywords such as online learning during COVID-19;shifted to online delivery, strategy to enhance higher learning educational system;administration strategy;emergency distance/online education;post-COVID-19 implication, pandemic, endemic, and the plan of higher learning institutions on online learning were searched. The various repository identified more than 100 articles, of which 83 full-text articles were assessed covered in this paper. online learning has started in the early ‘90s, it still needs to be improved and embedded with effective instructional design (ID) to optimize the knowledge transferred. Moreover, the emergency changes during the COVID-19 force everyone to fully utilise technology effectively so learning would not be disrupted. Thus, some issues emerged from the literature: the internet bandwidth connection, the ineffective ID;inexperience of lecturers to adopt online learning;information disparity;and the complicated situation at home. The way forward suggests actions like online teaching arrangement;inexperience of lecturers to develop effective instructional design;the information disparity and the home complexity should be dispatched to ensure the online learning in HEI can benefit all. Hence knowledge can reach everyone effectively, even during the post-pandemic. The findings of this paper allow to assume that post-COVID-19 it might be worth reconsidering the format of online learning mechanisms and shift from conventional face-to-face learning to blended or even distance learning. Additionally, suggestions for further research of online education in tertiary institutions are also addressed. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Precision medicine is a therapeutic idea that advocates tailoring treatment to a specific group of individuals rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Artificial intelligence provides insights through advanced processing and reasoning, allowing the device to reason and learn while also assisting physicians in their outcomes. Precision medicine helps to cure critical diseases like Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, Covid-19, and etc. This review paper aims on discussing how Artificial intelligence techniques in diagnosing critical diseases and how AI is helpful to patients and clinicians by using different methodologies. © 2022 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
In the recent, Corona Virus epidemic (COVID-19) increases day-to-day from one individual to another because of contact transmission and COVID-19 is created by the SARS-CoV-2. Identifying and stopping the spreading of contagious epidemic such as COVID-19 is important to handling diseases. One major part contracted to find and detect their previous connections so as to then carefully dissociate any persons likely to have been affected and accommodate dispersion is to find out or explore more transmissible persons. These previous connections can be traced using smart machine such as smart watches and smart phones, which can frequently find and collect the connections and location of their infected ones through their embedded transmissions and localization methodologies or technologies, such as Global Positioning System (GPS) location-based navigation rule, Wi-Fi, biological connections, and Bluetooth. Contact Tracing is the one of the best technologies in which we use a methodology for stopping and controlling the COVID19. The main point of this review paper on the methodology of these smart technologies and figure the model of contact tracing accuracy on the flow of the COVID-19, working of contact tracing, algorithms and control of the COVID-19. In this paper, we have determined the role of contact tracing in COVID-19, effective impacts of Contact Tracing and designed a COVID-19 epidemic model that we created to evaluate the number of people quarantined and effectiveness of the steps to be taken, through the smart watches and smart phone contact tracing technique used. In this review paper, our result shows that in order to be accurate for the COVID-19 pandemic, the contact tracing technique must be traced speedily, a valuation ratio of the population must apply the smart devices technique, contact tracing application and this technology must be correct. All these rigid needs make smart device-based contact tracing rather inefficient at accommodating the flow of the virus during the COVID-19. However, in this phase smart machine-based contact tracing could be immensely and enormously effective and recognizing a second section, where a segment of the community will have increased immunity. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
There are multiple papers published about different AI models for the COVID-19 diagnosis with promising results. Unfortunately according to the reviews many of the papers do not reach the level of sophistication needed for a clinically usable model. In this paper I go through multiple review papers, guidelines, and other relevant material in order to generate more comprehensive requirements for the future papers proposing a AI based diagnosis of the COVID-19 from chest X-ray data (CXR). Main findings are that a clinically usable AI needs to have an extremely good documentation, comprehensive statistical analysis of the possible biases and performance, and an explainability module. © 2021 IEEE.
ABSTRACT
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a significant impact in the disruptive era. An audit is an area that is affected. The application of AI in internal audits comes from a need to make better-added value, a demand to overcome the traditional audit's limitation and adapt to the new way of working in the pandemic Covid-19. Risk assessment has a primary role in audit planning and has become a factor that affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the audit. This paper aims to create insight into AI implementation in auditing, especially in risk assessment, including models and algorithms. In addition, it is hoped that new perspectives are formed on how to build decision-making or to problem-solve in auditing through the relationship between the current availability of big data and AI, including data mining and machine learning. This review study showed that risk assessment in auditing became significantly easier using AI technology. The auditor can identify the riskiest audit areas by detecting or predicting, and minimizing audit risks using AI. Classification algorithms such as logistic regression, decision trees, neural networks, and support vector machines can be used to detect or predict. Moreover, another technique that can be utilized is combining it with expert systems or fuzzy theory. © 2021 IEEE.